End of write-up.
The text moves from introductory tutorials to advanced practical design, covering several critical areas: Delta-Sigma Data Converters: Theory, Design, and Simulation delta-sigma data converters theory design and simulation pdf
Replace the quantizer with an additive white noise source ( E(z) ). The system becomes a discrete-time integrator with feedback. End of write-up
Finite opamp gain (e.g., 60 dB) causes the integrator pole to move from DC → small offset. This degrades NTF notch depth, increasing in-band noise. Requirement: Opamp DC gain >> OSR for high resolution. OSR for high resolution.