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For structures requiring deep foundations, Chen was a strong advocate of (piers with a bell-shaped base). These piers are drilled below the active zone into stable soil or rock. The bell resists uplift from the swelling clay above. Chen’s design equations for the uplift capacity of belled piers are still cited in modern codes like the International Building Code (IBC). foundations on expansive soils chen pdf
Contrary to popular belief, Chen argued that making a foundation extremely rigid (thick reinforced concrete) is a mistake on highly plastic clay. Instead, he promoted the —a beam-and-slab system that flexes as a rigid body. The foundation does not prevent ground movement; it accommodates it by moving uniformly. In the digital age, the search query highlights