Mozi [top] Jun 2026

As a defensive engineer, saw the horror of the Warring States period firsthand. He made a logical distinction: defensive warfare (to protect your home) is permissible; offensive warfare (to seize land or treasure) is murder.

He also proposed a unified moral standard enforced by the state: “All people must conform to their superior; there is no freedom to follow one’s own standard.” This proto-totalitarian aspect would later influence the Legalists, but Mozi insisted the ruler must himself conform to Heaven’s impartial will. As a defensive engineer, saw the horror of